"Secret President," "first woman to run the government" -- so legend has labeled
a First Lady whose role gained unusual significance when her husband suffered
prolonged and disabling illness. A happy, protected childhood and first
marriage had prepared Edith Wilson for the duties of helpmate and hostess;
widowhood had taught her something of business matters.

Descendant of Virginia aristocracy, she was born in Wytheville in 1872, seventh
among eleven children of Sallie White and Judge William Holcombe Bolling. Until
the age of 12 she never left the town; at 15 she went to Martha Washington
College to study music, with a second year at a smaller school in Richmond.

Visiting a married sister in Washington, pretty young Edith met a businessman
named Norman Galt; in 1896 they were married. For 12 years she lived as a
contented (though childless) young matron in the capital, with vacations
abroad. In 1908 her husband died unexpectedly. Shrewdly, Edith Galt chose a
good manager who operated the family's jewelry firm with financial success.

By a quirk of fate and a chain of friendships, Mrs. Galt met the bereaved
President, still mourning profoundly for his first wife. A man who depended on
feminine companionship, the lonely Wilson took an instant liking to Mrs. Galt,
charming and intelligent and unusually pretty. Admiration changed swiftly to
love. In proposing to her, he made the poignant statement that "in this place
time is not measured by weeks, or months, or years, but by deep human
experiences..." They were married privately on December 18, 1915, at her home;
and after they returned from a brief honeymoon in Virginia, their happiness
made a vivid impression on their friends and White House staff.

Though the new First Lady had sound qualifications for the role of hostess, the
social aspect of the administration was overshadowed by the war in Europe and
abandoned after the United States entered the conflict in 1917. Edith Wilson
submerged her own life in her husband's, trying to keep him fit under
tremendous strain. She accompanied him to Europe when the Allies conferred on
terms of peace.

Wilson returned to campaign for Senate approval of the peace treaty and the
League of Nations Covenant. His health failed in September 1919; a stroke left
him partly paralyzed. His constant attendant, Mrs. Wilson took over many
routine duties and details of government. But she did not initiate programs or
make major decisions, and she did not try to control the executive branch. She
selected matters for her husband's attention and let everything else go to the
heads of departments or remain in abeyance. Her "stewardship," she called this.
And in My Memoir, published in 1939, she stated emphatically that her husband's
doctors had urged this course upon her.

In 1921, the Wilsons retired to a comfortable home in Washington, where he died
three years later. A highly respected figure in the society of the capital, Mrs.
Wilson lived on to ride in President Kennedy's inaugural parade. She died later
in 1961: on December 28, the anniversary of her famous husband's birth.